The title sums up the message of the book as I see it. Wang Lung is a farmer in China in the first quarter of the 20th century. He marries a servant girl named O-Lan, who surprises him with how hard-working and skilled and resourceful she is with all kinds of work. Wang-Lung continuously marvels at the thought that "this is my woman!" A terrible drought leads the struggling young family to move south in order to beg for bread and rice while Wang-Lung pulls a rickshaw to make a few pence so that the family can buy food the next morning.
But soon, Wang Lung is not satisfied, and he wants more. He wants more land, he wants more financial security. He wants his sons to be scholars like the boys in town, he wants the respect of the village, and he wants to be great like the House of Hwang. He starts going to the tea houses, and pretty soon, he wants a pretty concubine, which ends up costing him 100 pieces of silver and his household becomes filled with turmoil.
Basically, Wang Lung becomes the person he used to despise, a materialistic person who is never satisfied with what he has and one who eyes his prospective foes with suspicion. Seems like the only happy person in the family is the retarded daughter. It's ironic that the family members call her a fool, when in reality, she is the only one who isn't a fool because she is content with what she has! This book is a great and stirring and soulful look at how easily people can lose sight of what is truly important to chase after an apparition, a fantasy, something that can never bring fulfillment.